A racist term refering to people of nordic origin.
The Society of Friends; in charge of the kindertransports from Vienna to England and the Netherlands
1884-1960
Head of the Jewish community (Israelitische Kultusgemeinde) in Vienna from 1936 and during the Nazi occupation of Austria.
29/07/1883-28/04/1945
Prime minister (1922-43). First European fascist dictator. Executed by partisans in 1945.
The Kindertransport was a rescue mission of nearly 10 000 predominantly Jewish children from Germany, Czechoslovakia, Austria and Poland. It started nine months before the outbreak of the Second World War. The children were taken to the United Kingdom.
Due to the increasing number of Jewish refugees entering the Netherlands, and in order to provide more practical means such as housing, the Committee for Jewish Refugees (het Comité voor Joodsche Vluchtelingen; CJV) was set up. The CJV was a hefty committee with various local departments in the Netherlands as well as a number of subcommittees. One of these subcommittees was the Kindercomité, which focused on Jewish and non-Aryan refugee children. Among other things, the Kindercomité represented the interest of Jewish refugee children in the Netherlands and both organized as supported rescue missions for Jewish children. The Kindercomité also took part in the Kindertransport by assisting children whom were travelling through the Netherlands.
The religious movement the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), declared they were committed to peace in 1660, organised and provided humanitarian relief in the First World War and continued to do so during the Second World War. In 1933, shortly after Hitler rose to power, the British Quakers established the German Emergency Committee, later renamed the Friends Committee for Refugees and Aliens. Although originally set up to provide refuge aid to ‘non-Aryan’ Christians from the Third Reich, the committee soon expanded its effort to assist all who were fleeing Nazi persecution. After the November Pogrom in 1938, the Quakers changed their focus from emigration to rescue and became greatly involved in organizing the Kindertransport as well as assisting the Kinder upon arrival. Accordingly, the Quakers rescued 4,500 ‘non-Aryans’, including around 1,200 children. Moreover, they continued to provide aid relief after the Holocaust by, among other things, supporting the Red Cross teams working in liberated concentration camps.
As the chief executive agency charged with fighting internal ‘enemies of the state’, the Gestapo functioned as the Third Reich’s main surveillance and terror instrument, first within Germany and later in the territories occupied by Germany. After 1933 the Gestapo became part of a complex apparatus of state and party police agencies.
By 1932, the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei was the largest single party in Germany, but not the majority. In the election that year, Nazis polled 38 percent of the vote. After Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933-01, the German government became a totalitarian regime ruled by Hitler and his Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei.
Gmina Żydowska w Wiedniu powstała w XII wieku. W 1936 r. liczyła 176 tys. osób. Od marca 1938 r. dotknięta szczególnie brutalnymi represjami. Przesiedlenia do wyznaczonych miejsc na terenie Polski i Czech rozpoczęły się już w październiku 1939, ostatnie transporty do Terezina i Auschwitz miały miejsce we wrześniu i listopadzie 1942 r. Na miejsce formalnie zlikwidowanej w 1942 r. gminy żydowskiej powołano Judenrat, który istniał w mieście do końca rządów hitlerowskich i przejął archiwa gminy, natomiast archiwa innych instytucji i organizacji żydowskich zostały zagarnięte przez gestapo w listopadzie 1939 r. i wywiezione do Berlina. Znajdujące się w archiwum ŻIH akta gminy wiedeńskiej zostały odnalezione w 1945 r. w Kłodzku i stanowią część większego zbioru dokumentów i księgozbiorów żydowskich ewakuowanych przez hitlerowców z Berlina. Szczątki przejęte w 1947 r. ze zbiorów Centralnej Żydowskiej Komisji Historycznej.
Was founded in 1875 as a Swedish missionary association and primarily focused on converting Jews to Christianity. After the Anschluss, however, the work of the organization went from a social mission to refugee support, helping both Jews and Jewish Christians with finding housing and providing food. In November 1938, when the organization participated in the Kindertransport, they concentrated and assisted a large number of Christian-born Jewish children.
Founded in 1925
The Schutzstaffel was a small detachment was formed in 1925 to provide security for Hitler. Beginning in 1929, under the tutelage of Heinrich Himmler, the SS was enlarged and became an independent entity (1944-07) within the Nazi Party. In 1934, it effectively eliminated its rival, the SA, during the Night of the Long Knives. The SS was composed of the Gestapo, Kriminalpolizei, Waffen-SS,and Totenkopfverbaende. All police agencies were brought under the control of the SS in 1936. The Nuremberg Tribunal declared the SS to be a criminal organization for the ‘persecution and extermination of Jews’, brutality and murder of inmates in concentration camps, excesses in their administration of occupied territories, exploitation of slave labor, and mistreatment of POWs.
Founded in 1921
The Sturmabteilung, the paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party, was formed in 1921. It initially comprised mainly German World War I veterans, militia members, and others opposed to both the democratic Weimer Republic and to the Communist Party. Its terror tactics against opponents increased the public visibility of the Nazi movement, both before and after Adolf Hitlers’s rise to power. Once the Nazi regime was established, it began to perceive the disruptive tactics of the SA as a threat. Hitler agree to the murder of the SA’s top leadership in the Röhm Purge, or, ‘the night of the long knives’, in 1934-05, carried out primarily by the SS.
Report of a courier of the Dutch Children’s Committee about her experiences in the “Aktion Gildemeester”, a Nazi-run operation to evacuate Jews from Vienna, and the Swedish Mission. She writes about the difficulties surrounding the transport of Jewish children to the Netherlands, Sweden, Ecuador, and Abyssinia (Ethiopia), and includes information from Herr Lipopsky (“a full-blooded ‘Aryan’”) concerning the Gildemeester office and Dachau.
Saturday morning
In accordance with my instructions I went to
Then I visited Herr
Herr
It is as difficult for the
Furthermore the head of the
One of the difficulties at the moment concerns the
On Sunday afternoon I went to the
One hundred
Monday morning I found Herr
This office has asked the
The only thing that the
From Herr
The
It sometimes appears that the
Then Herr
Herr
In the
As regards small things there is punishment of 20 lashes with a spiked stick, not
administered by a single
Machine guns are mounted at the four corners of the
Fatalities are reported to the
There is also a
All these stories were told to me by Herr
.
The general misery in
From a statistic of one of the
The
In relation to the various offices in
The motto of the Die Juden sollen nicht verreisen, sondern verrecken.